DERMATOLOGY - Albinism: type I vs II classification

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1. Albinism: type I vs II classification

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"One has None. Two Accumulates":

• Type I: have no pigment.
• Type II: No pigment at birth, but accumulates as person ages.

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2. Baldness: risk factors 

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"Daddy Doesn't Deny Getting Hair Implants":

• Diet
• Disease
• Drugs
• Genes
• Hormones
• Injury to the scalp

GRADES OF FEMALE BALDNESS

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3.Clubbing: causes

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CLUBBING:

• Cyanotic heart disease
• Lung disease (hypoxia, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
• UC/Crohn's disease
• Biliary cirrhosis
• Birth defect (harmless)
• Infective endocarditis
• Neoplasm (esp. Hodgkins)
• GI malabsorption

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4.Cutaneous inflammation: patterns

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 "Pus of Pig Valve"

  *Remove the vowels: PSFPGVLV:

• Psoriaform
• Spongiotic (eczematous)
• Folliculitis
• Panniculitis
• Granulomatous
• Vasculopathic
• Lichenoid
• Vessiculobullous

 

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5. Generalized skin hyperpigmentation: causes

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 "With generalized, none of skin is SPARED":

• Sunlight
• Pregnancy
• Addison's disease
• Renal failure
• Excess iron (haemochromatosis)
• Drugs (eg busulphan)

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5.Lichen planus: characteristics

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 Planus has 4 P's:

• Peripheral
• Polygonal
• Pruritus
• Purple

 

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6. Malignant melanoma: 3 sites with poor prognosis

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 BANS:

• Back of Arm
• Neck
• Scalp

 

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7. Melanoma vs. basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma: metastatic ability

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• MElanoma is more likely to
• MEtastasize.

  *Basal and squamous hardly ever metastasize.

 

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8. Nodules: painful cutaneous nodules causes

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BENGAL CO.

• Blue rubber bleb nevus
• Eccrine spiradenoma
• Neurilemmoma/ Neuroma
• Glomus tumor
• Angiolipoma/ Angioleiomyoma/ Angiosarcoma
• Leiomyoma
• Cutaneous endometriosis/ Calcinosis cutis
• Osteoma cutis

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9. Psoriasis: pathophysiology

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 PSORIASIS:

• Pink Papules/ Plaques/ Pinpoint bleeding (Auspitz sign)/ Physical injury (Koebner phenomenon)/ Pain
• Silver Scale/ Sharp margins
• Onycholysis/ Oil spots
• Rete Ridges with Regular elongation
• Itching
• Arthritis/ Abscess (Munro)
• Stratum corneum with nuclei, neutrophils
• Immunologic
• Stratum granulosum absent/ Stratum Spinosum thickening

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10. Raynaud's phenomenon: causes

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COLD HAND:

• Cryoglobulins/ Cryofibrinogens
• Obstruction/ Occupational
• Lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue disease
• Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs
• Hematologic problems (polycythemia, leukemia, etc)
• Arterial problems (atherosclerosis)
• Neurologic problems (vascular tone)
• Disease of unknown origin (idiopathic)

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 11. White patch of skin: differential

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 "Vitiligo PATCH":

• Vitiligo
• Pityriasis alba/ Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation
• Age related hypopigmentation
• Tinea versicolor/ Tuberous sclerosis (ashleaf macule)
• Congenital birthmark
• Hansen's (leprosy)

  

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12. Wound healing: factors delaying

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 DID NOT HEAL:

Drugs

Infection/ Icterus/ Ischemia

Diabetes

Nutrition

Oxygen (hypoxia)

Toxins