Introduction to Growth & Development Part 3

 

8. HEMATOLOGY

1. Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components

"Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients":

• Renal failure
• Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)
• Thrombocytopenia
• Encephalopathy (TTP)

2. Henoch schonlein purpura: signs and symptoms

NAPA:

• Nephritis
• Arthritis, arthralgias
• Purpura, palpable (especially on buttocks and lower extremities)
• Abdominal pain (need to rule out intussusception)

3. Sickle Cell disease: Signs

SICKLE

• Splenomegaly
• Infections
• Cholelithiasis
• Kidney (Hematuria)
• Live congestion & Leg ulcers
• Eye changes

9. INFECTIONS

1. Measles: complications

"MEASLES COMP" (complications):

• Myocarditis
• Encephalitis
• Appendicitis
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
• Laryngitis
• Early death
• Shits (diarrhea)
• Corneal ulcer
• Otis media
• Mesenteric lymphadenitis
• Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup)

3. Rashes: time of appearance after fever onset

"Really Sick Children Must Take No Exercise":

 *Number of days after fever onset that a rash will appear:

• 1 Day: Rubella
• 2 Days: Scarlet fever/ Smallpox
• 3 Days: Chickenpox
• 4 Days: Measles (and see the Koplik spots one day prior to rash)
• 5 Days: Typhus & rickettsia (this is variable)
• 6 Days: Nothing
• 7 Days: Enteric fever (salmonella)

4. Rubella: congenital signs

"Rubber Ducky, I'm so blue!" (like the "Rubber Ducky" song):

• Rubber: Rubella
• Ducky: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, VSD and pulmonary artery stenosis.
• I'm: Eyes (cataracts, retinopathy, micropthalmia, glaucoma).
• Blue: "Blueberry Muffin" rash (extramedullary hematopoesis in skin +purpura)

5. Septic Arthritis: most common cause

• Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common cause of
• Septic Arthritis in the pediatric population.

10. NEONATOLOGY

1. Apgar Score: Components

APGAR

• Appearance: Cyanosed or not
• Pulse: Rate
• Grimace: Response to stimulus
• Activity: Movements of the baby (muscle tone)
• Respiration: Rate

2. Bilirubin: phototherapy

• BiLirUbin absorbs light maximally in the
• BLUe range.

3. Neonatal Resuscitation: Steps

Do What Pediatricians Said Totally  Or Be Inviting Costly Malpractice case

• Drying
• Warming
• Positioning 
• Suctioning
• Tactile Stimulation
• Oxygen
• Bagging
• Intubatation (endotracheal)
• Chest compressions
• Medications

11. MISCELLANEOUS

1. Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT): common sign

AT:

• Absent
• Thymus

3. Guthrie card: diseases identified with it

"Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict BadMetabolism":

• Galactosaemia
• Cystic fibrosis
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Hypothyroidism
• Phenylketonuria
• Biotidinase deficiency
• Maple syrup urine disease

4. Hematuria: differential in children

ABCDEFGHIJK:

• Anatomy (cysts, etc)
• Bladder (cystitis)
• Cancer (Wilm's tumour)
• Drug related (cyclophosphamide)
• Exercise induced
• Factitious (Munchausen by proxy)
• Glomerulonephritis
• Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)
• Infection (UTI)
• In Jury (trauma)
• Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)

5. Perez reflex

Eliciting the PErEz reflex will make the baby PEE.